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|capital = Fiume |government_type = Republic |leader1 = Riccardo Zanella |year_leader1 = 1921–1922 |leader2 = Giovanni Giuriati |year_leader2 = 1922–1923 |title_representative = Military Governor |representative1 = Gaetano Giardino |year_representative1 = 1923–1924 |era = Interwar period |event_pre = Treaty of Rapallo |date_pre = 12 November 1920 |event_start = |date_start = 30 December |year_start = 1920 |event1 = Coup d'état |date_event1 = 3 March 1922 |event_end = Annexed by the Kingdom of Italy |date_end = 22 February |year_end = 1924 |currency = |today = }} The Free State of Fiume () was an independent free state which existed between 1920 and 1924. Its territory of comprised the city of Fiume (now in Croatia and, since the end of World War II, known as Rijeka) and rural areas to its north, with a corridor to its west connecting it to Italy. == History == Fiume gained autonomy for the first time in 1719 when it was proclaimed a free port of the Holy Roman Empire in a decree issued by the Emperor Charles VI. In 1776, during the reign of the Empress Maria Theresa, the city was transferred to the Kingdom of Hungary and in 1779 gained the status of ''Corpus separatum'' within that Kingdom. The city briefly lost its autonomy in 1848 after being occupied by the Croatian ''ban'' (viceroy) Josip Jelačić, but regained it in 1868 when it rejoined the Kingdom of Hungary, again as a ''corpus separatum''. Until 1924, Fiume existed for practical purposes as an autonomous entity with elements of statehood. In the 19th century, the city was populated mostly by Italians, and as minorities by Croats and Hungarians, and other ethnicities. National affiliations changed from census to census, as at that time "nationality" was defined mostly by the language a person spoke. The special status of the city, being placed between different states, created a local identity among the majority of the population. The official languages in use were Italian, Hungarian, and German; most of the business correspondence was carried out in Italian, while most families spoke a local dialect, a blend of Venetian with a few words of Croatian.〔''Il nuovo Samani: Dizionario del dialetto fiumano'' (Rome: Società di Studi Fiumani, 2007)〕 In the countryside outside the city, a particular kind of Croatian Chakavian dialect with many Italian and Venetian words was spoken. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Free State of Fiume」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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